Privileged Access Management (PAM) plays a crucial role in the security of any organization. Within PAM, the aspect of just-in-time self-service access has become increasingly important. By providing just-in-time access (that can be self-served) to essential resources, companies can significantly improve security measures while maintaining flexibility. In this post, we’ll delve into the role of self-service in PAM and its importance in today’s fast-paced digital environment.

Defining PAM and Self-Service Just-in-Time Access Management

Privileged Access Management, or PAM for short, serves as the gatekeeper of your organization’s most sensitive data and systems. Think of PAM like a security detail, overseeing who can access your organization’s “VIP area” – your critical systems and data. But it doesn’t just control entry; it also monitors and manages the extent of the privileges granted, providing a robust layer of security that can thwart potential data breaches.    

Within this PAM security strategy, the concept of self-service access plays a pivotal role. Understanding these two concepts – PAM and just-in-time self-service access – can be a game-changer for your organization’s security strategy. Together, they establish a solid defense against unauthorized access, making sure your company’s precious digital assets stay protected while your team stays productive. So, let’s delve a bit deeper and unravel the important role that self-service access plays within Privileged Access Management.

The Concept of Just-in-Time Self-Service Access

Picture this scenario: access to your organization’s vital resources isn’t permanently open but granted only at the precise moment it’s needed and promptly rescinded as soon as the task is completed. This dynamic form of access control is what we call just-in-time access. It’s like having a personal security guard who doesn’t just hold the keys but knows exactly when to unlock the door and when to lock it again, keeping unauthorized users at bay.

This strategy hinges on providing timely access rights to crucial systems and data, thereby significantly narrowing the window of opportunity for potential cyber threats. It’s a well-calculated move aimed at minimizing the risk of unauthorized access and privilege misuse.

But the beauty of just-in-time self-service access doesn’t stop at risk reduction. It also helps in creating a more efficient workflow. Rather than having to navigate through a labyrinth of permissions and approvals, users receive access only to what they need, exactly when they need it. This removes unnecessary clutter, streamlines operations, and keeps the focus on the task at hand.

In essence, efficient just-in-time access is all about striking a delicate balance between accessibility and security, offering a smart way to give necessary privileges without exposing your systems and data to undue risk. This innovative approach is rapidly reshaping the landscape of Privileged Access Management, setting new standards for access control in our increasingly digital world. 

Importance of Just-in-Time Self-Service Access

Just-in-time self-service access is no longer just a luxury, but a critical component of a sound security strategy, serving several key functions. Firstly, it fosters the adoption of a zero-trust security framework. This principle demands the verification of every access request, regardless of its source, effectively mitigating the risk of internal threats. Simply put, it trusts no one and always verifies, putting your security front and center.

Secondly, it minimizes your exposure to potential attacks. By ensuring that privileged rights are not continuously active, it reduces the likelihood of these permissions being misused or exploited, shrinking the potential attack surface considerably. You are, in essence, giving potential cyber threats less room to maneuver.

Thirdly, it adds an additional layer of accountability to your organization’s operations. Just-in-time self-service access leaves an indelible digital footprint, offering a transparent audit trail of who accessed what, when, and for how long. This not only fosters a sense of responsibility among users but also aids in tracking and addressing potential security incidents effectively.

Moreover, just-in-time self-service access is a strategic move towards a more efficient operational structure. It eliminates the need for broad and persistent access rights, allowing users to focus on their immediate tasks at hand with the necessary permissions. By embracing just-in-time self-service access, organizations can strike a critical balance between maintaining rigorous security and fostering operational efficiency, all while driving a security-conscious culture within the workforce.

Implementing Just-in-Time Self-Service Access in PAM

Making just-in-time self-service access an integral part of your PAM strategy involves more than just flipping a switch. The first step in this transformation revolves around creating protocols for access requests to be made on an as-needed basis. This is a departure from traditional approaches where permissions are granted en masse and for extended durations. By embracing a dynamic, need-based request model, you are fortifying your organization’s defenses.

Next, it’s about defining the workflow for these requests. You’ll need to design an approval process that’s nimble, yet stringent. It should be fast enough to not hinder business operations but thorough enough to ensure every access is absolutely necessary. This step often involves key decision-makers and stakeholders, so having their buy-in is vital.

Where just-in-time really shines is in the automation of access provisioning and de-provisioning. Implementing automated workflows takes the grunt work out of access management and makes it a breeze. It not only speeds up the process but also eliminates human error, further bolstering security.

Finally, the success of this transition hinges on choosing the right PAM solution. You need a system that not only supports self-service access but is built for it. It should allow for seamless integration of just-in-time access principles, ensuring that the move doesn’t disrupt existing processes.

Remember, implementing just-in-time self-service access isn’t just about security; it’s about creating a more streamlined and efficient way of working. A well-implemented strategy can turn your PAM system from a gatekeeper into a facilitator, ushering in a new era of secure, efficient access management.

Enhancing Security with Just-in-Time Self-Service Access

When it comes to bolstering the security of privileged accounts, just-in-time self-service access plays a starring role. Imagine having a security system that gives you absolute control over who can access your organization’s crucial systems and data, and when. It’s not just about allowing access; it’s about defining the timeframe for that access. This is the power that just-in-time self-service access brings to your cybersecurity strategy.

Such a security approach makes it harder for both internal and external threats to find a foothold. With just-in-time access, you’re not just limiting the access window; you’re also ensuring that every privilege granted is being used responsibly and for the right purpose.

The beauty of this access strategy is not merely limited to its ability to fend off cyber threats. It also promotes a culture of security consciousness within your organization. When users are made aware that their access rights are time-bound and task-specific, they are likely to be more cautious and judicious in their usage.

This proactive approach to privileged access management is not about creating barriers, but rather about forging smarter paths to essential resources. It champions the principle of minimum privilege, where users get exactly what they need to complete their tasks and nothing more. It’s an approach that not only keeps your systems and data secure but also encourages responsible user behavior. By integrating just-in-time self-service access into your PAM strategy, you’re cultivating a security-first mindset across your organization, a move that will pay dividends in your ongoing battle against cyber threats.

Future of Privileged Access Management

As we advance into this future, organizations must stay ahead of the curve, harnessing innovative technologies such as Apono to reinforce their PAM strategies. By doing so, they’ll not only secure their critical assets but also create a more efficient, streamlined workflow, driving productivity without compromising security. In the age of digital transformation, the future of PAM is smart, agile, and excitingly within reach.

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Most resources, such as databases or machines, are running in the cloud today and need privileged access. Yet few teams can effectively manage identities in the cloud at scale, with Gartner estimating that by 2023, 75 percent of cloud security failures will occur due to inadequate management of identities and accesses.

As a result, controlling, monitoring and auditing privileged access has become even more critical for protecting against both external and internal threat vectors, human error and a growing list of compliance requirements.

The following are nine of the most important questions to ask a potential privileged access provider.

1. What levels of access granularity is the solution capable of granting over sensitive resources?

Why it matters for privileged access

Granularity is key when it comes to privilege access governance. It involves defining access permissions at a very detailed level. It considers individual databases, machines, folders, buckets, namespaces, and more that a user needs to access, ensuring that no unnecessary privileges are granted. When managing access to production, customer data or other sensitive applications , it is important to grant “just enough” access to perform the task at hand.

2. How does the solution integrate with the organization’s environment?

Why it matters

It is important that the solution integrates with the way the environment is set up. For example, if the organization has an integration between AWS and Okta (for example, leveraging Okta SSO), it is important that the solution grants the privileged access over that integration rather than creating a different way to get access. Similarly, if an organization leverages Terraform for some of the permission management, it is important to understand how the solution would fit on top of that.

What to look for

A solution that suits many different ways of authenticating, for example in AWS whether it is via your SAML integration, AWS Identity Center or assume role that the organization uses to give privileges to users in AWS, Apono will work in that way over the integrations you already have in place.

Similarly look for a solution that leverages TF and is fully controlled from a TF provider if your organization prefers to work with TF. These are just two small examples, but as a product the solution should understand how important it is to integrate with the way the organization works and the existing tools and processes.

3. Does the solution support time-bound, just-in-time access?

Why it matters for privileged access

Just-in-Time Access Management is important because it aligns access privileges with actual needs, reduces security risks, ensures compliance, and enhances operational efficiency in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. It helps organizations maintain a robust security posture while enabling efficient and effective access to resources for authorized users.

What to look for

It’s important to make sure the solution has the capabilities to dynamically grant and revoke permissions to all the critical resources and services to which it governs access. In addition, the solution should strive to offer robust and dynamic IFTTT scenarios, by leveraging context about on-call shifts, IdP groups, managers, work hours, and more to make sure Just-in-Time access is refined to the specific business use case.

4. Which cloud providers does the solution integrate with?

Why it matters for privileged access

Many companies today are opting to be multi-cloud, and it’s important to make sure your solution will support them all at a granular level and not just at the IAM level. Similarly, some companies have workloads running in Kubernetes or on-prem, for example with a mixture of cloud-hosted and self-hosted Kubernetes clusters and databases, and you need to make sure the solution supports both types of deployments.

What to look for

You want to make sure the solution integrates with your cloud provider and all major cloud providers such as AWS, Google Cloud Platform and Microsoft Azure, as well as Kubernetes and supporting self-hosted database integrations at the same level of granularity.

We witness many companies switching providers during the course of their lifetime for better financial incentives and you would want to make sure the solution does not need to be replaced once multiple cloud providers are in use.

5. How do end users receive the access they are granted with the solution?

Why it matters for privileged access

It’s important the solution is easy to use, or else it won’t be adopted company-wide. To make it easy-to-use, it’s imperative the solution integrates with your tech stack and doesn’t require internal maintenance, for example by using home-grown solutions with automation tools, workflow builders, Slack bots and GitHub PRs. It should allow for quick, automated and simple ways to request and be granted access.

What to look for

Look for a solution that your end users are familiar with and use on a daily basis. Messaging or existing IT support / ticketing applications are often a great option, but cross reference with your organization’s specific tech stack.

6. What is the overall end-user experience using the platform?

Why it matters for privileged access

It’s very important that the experience from the end user side is intuitive and simple, as a large part of access governance includes a human element. To adopt a privileged access solution it must be intuitive, and it must integrate easily with the way users are already used to working. If not, it will create friction and inevitably fail to be adopted, or worse, adopted and then misused by some individuals who bypass the system and just impersonate an application token or create automations, like cron jobs.

What to look for

A policy-based access governance solution that doesn’t change the way end users work and allows them to seamlessly use any client they would like to access resources and services, like cloud resources or databases.

Users should have clear visibility of their request status in their platform of choice, understand why requests were approved or rejected and time- saving mechanisms for frequently needed access.

7. What access governance automations can the solution provide?

Why it matters for privileged access

Automation is an important part of any access governance solution that offers self-serve capabilities or just-in-time permissions. Not automating the revocation of permissions leads to standing privileges, resulting in a larger attack surface and potential security issues. In addition, it’s also important to set up workflows with automated responses for repetitive or emergency requests.

What to look for

It’s important to make sure the solution has the following:

1. OnCall shift integration so that developers on-duty can request and be granted access as soon as possible if there’s an incident, at any hour of the day.

2. Break-glass scenarios to allow different teams to gain sensitive access temporarily, for example for production maintenance, customer support, and more.

3. Automation based on Cloud/Kubernetes resource tags/labels, so that new resources can be automatically included in existing access workflows

8. What access approval workflows can be defined in the solution?

Why it matters for privileged access

Automatic approval workflows are huge time-savers. The user is able to seamlessly ask for and receive the access needed to do their jobs.

What to look for

1. Automatic granting with full audit and reporting mechanisms in place

2. Approval workflows leveraging context based approvals like on-call shifts, IdP groups and managers, and more

3. Different approval flows based on resource sensitivity, i.e. data sensitivity, customer environments, or cloud account

4. Approval escalation policies with multiple approvers to make sure requests are handled swiftly, and multiple approvers for very sensitive access

9. How granular is the solution inside databases or other sensitive resources?

Why it matters

To keep your resources secure, it’s important to limit access to each one. Granular provisioning allows you to “check out” one book instead of the whole shelf.

What to look for

The solution must be able to integrate directly with the specific service or resource type. This allows the solution to change the permissions at the resource level itself, for example a specific collection or table in your data repository instead of the entire cluster. The solution should allow for control of specific roles and permissions of each resource type and service from one central tool, bringing a unified privilege control plane to the admin, with workflows and audit capabilities on top.

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Achieving a zero-standing privileged environment is the most secure way to manage access to your databases.  This concept revolves around minimizing or altogether eliminating standing privileges, ensuring that users only acquire elevated access when absolutely necessary. This proactive security model is particularly crucial in safeguarding sensitive data housed within databases, as it mitigates the risk of unauthorized access, reduces the attack surface, and fortifies overall cybersecurity.

Understanding the Concept of Zero-Standing Privileges

In a traditional setup, standing privileges, also known as persistent or static privileges, grant users and systems continuous elevated access rights. This persistent elevation creates a vulnerability, as any compromise of these privileges can result in unrestricted access to critical databases. By transitioning to a zero-standing privileged environment, organizations adopt a more dynamic and risk-mitigating strategy.

Just-in Time Access

At its core, zero-standing privileges operate on a “just-in-time” model. This approach upends the antiquated method of perpetually assigning system privileges. Traditionally, an employee would receive access to certain systems or databases indefinitely, potentially opening up avenues for misuse or unnecessary exposure. Zero-standing privileges challenge this status quo, providing privileges only when and where they are truly needed. Imagine it like a tailor-made suit, fit perfectly for each individual task.

Once the task is completed, the suit is taken off, and the privileges revoked. This process minimizes exposure, curtails unnecessary access, and ultimately, fortifies your database security. It’s a game of minimizing risk by reducing the attack surface. By shrinking the playground for potential threats, we inherently boost our defenses. That’s the essence of zero-standing privileges.

Principle of Least Privilege

Additionally, implementing the principle of least privilege (PoLP) is integral to achieving a zero-standing privileged environment. This means users, applications, and processes are granted only the minimum access rights required to fulfill their tasks. By adhering strictly to the principle of least privilege, organizations can curtail the risk of unauthorized access and reduce the likelihood of malicious activities.

Importance of Database Security

Database security is of paramount importance to organizations worldwide, as databases hold critical and sensitive data. One potent strategy that has gained traction in recent years is the use of zero-standing privileges. This paradigm-shifting approach has become a game-changer for database security. In this blog, we will delve into the concept of zero-standing privileges, its importance, and how it is transforming the landscape of database security.

Preventing Unnecessary Access

Handing out access privileges willy-nilly is akin to leaving your front door wide open. It invites unnecessary risk and potentially serious consequences, such as data breaches and corruption of system integrity. This is where zero-standing privileges truly shine. It’s akin to having a bouncer at the door of your database, letting only the right people in at the right time and promptly showing them the exit once their task is complete.

By following this “need-to-know” basis of access, we’re substantially reducing opportunities for unauthorized access. No longer do we have to worry about accidental alterations or deletions of data, as access is tightly controlled and only given when it’s genuinely required. In the grand chess game of cybersecurity, zero-standing privileges could very well be your next strategic move, a move that provides heightened security by diminishing unnecessary access.

Regulatory Compliance and Zero-Standing Privileges

When it comes to navigating the maze of regulatory frameworks, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), organizations face the daunting challenge of maintaining limited data access. The answer to this intricate puzzle lies within the principle of zero-standing privileges. This revolutionary approach is in perfect harmony with these stringent regulatory guidelines, enabling businesses to remain on the right side of compliance.

A significant aspect of these audits is having resilient, traceable, and verifiable access controls, elements that zero-standing privileges bring to the table. In this data-driven era, where regulations have become increasingly rigorous, the zero-standing privileges model serves as a guiding star, helping organizations navigate the compliance landscape. By embracing this method, businesses can ensure their practices are aligned with regulatory demands, paving the way for a smoother auditing process and fostering an environment of trust and compliance. In essence, zero-standing privileges not only fortify your database security but also ensure your organization sails smoothly through the sea of regulatory compliance.

Streamlining IT Operations with Zero-Standing Privileges

Imagine a smooth and streamlined IT operation, unencumbered by the constant tussle of access rights management. This is precisely the advantage that zero-standing privileges bring to the table. Instead of wrestling with an intricate web of permanent permissions, IT teams can instead focus on temporary, just-in-time privileges. This approach vastly reduces the complexity and administrative load, allowing IT teams to breathe a sigh of relief.

Think of it like a finely-tuned orchestra where every privilege granted is a note played at the right time and for the correct duration. This finely-tuned performance also extends to audits. With zero-standing privileges, every permission granted has a clear and justifiable reason, making the audit process not only more manageable but also more transparent. This transparency paves the way for increased operational efficiency, as time previously spent on managing and justifying standing privileges can now be allocated to other pressing tasks.

Ultimately, zero-standing privileges can transform the labyrinth of permissions management into a straight, clear path. It’s about turning chaos into order, and confusion into clarity. It’s about leveraging the power of just-in-time access to enhance IT operations. Welcome to the era of zero-standing privileges, where managing IT operations becomes less about firefighting and more about strategic planning and execution.

The Future of Database Security: Adopting Zero-Standing Privileges

Technologies such as Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions including Apono play a crucial role in enforcing and managing a zero-standing privileged environment. These tools enable organizations to monitor, control, and audit privileged access, ensuring that privileges are granted judiciously and only when necessary. These solutions also facilitate the enforcement of policies, periodic reviews, and the automatic revocation of unnecessary privileges.

Check out our Buyer’s Guide to learn more when evaluating tools to use. 

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Managing access rights for users has persistently posed a challenge for organizations, regardless of their size or industry. Access governance aims to enhance productivity while minimizing security risks. Additionally, maintaining a transparent overview of individuals with access to particular digital assets and ensuring the legitimacy of that access within compliance boundaries remains an obstacle.      

Additionally, the complex and time-consuming aspect of access reviews, combined with a shortage of vital context, hinders reviewers’ capacity to make well-informed decisions regarding a user’s access. This lack of clarity frequently leads organizations to resort to a “rubber stamp” approval method, leading to widespread approvals that neglect to retract overprivileged user rights.     

These challenges collectively impede your organization from reducing or eradicating access risks and, in the end, meeting compliance standards.This is where access governance can emerge as your most valuable asset in compliance and audit procedures.  

Managing your Privileged Access Governance Compliance and Audit Capabilities

Audit and compliance are integral parts of access governance, ensuring that your organization’s access policies and practices follow regulations, internal standards, and industry best practices. In addition, compliance and audit procedures play a crucial role in ensuring that your access governance aligns with regulatory mandates and industry benchmarks. Adhering to best practices and implementing a robust access governance solution not only strengthens security but also fosters trust with stakeholders, safeguarding valuable data.

Completing Audit Processes

Audit processes are necessary in verifying that your access governance practices function as they are supposed to. Not having access audits leads to incidents like the Cash App Investing breach carried out by a former employee. The perpetrator accessed and downloaded internal Cash App reports with information on more than 8 million current and former application users.

This includes the following:

Incident Response. Establishing protocols and workflows to promptly address breaches or instances of non-compliance.

Access Reviews. Conducting regular evaluations of user access to detect unauthorized or potentially risky permissions.

Reporting and record-keeping. Furnishing clear documentation of access governance activities for both internal and external audits.

Logging and Monitoring. Recording and scrutinizing access-related events and incidents to ensure comprehensive monitoring and analysis.

5 Privileged Access Governance Capabilities for Compliance and Audit

To effectively fulfill your compliance and audit responsibilities, it is crucial to incorporate the following essential practices and capabilities:

1. Streamlined Access Reviews. Harness technology to automate the certification and review of access, enhancing efficiency and accuracy in the process.

2. Centralized Audit Vault. Seek a solution that establishes a centralized hub for all compliance and audit documentation, which ensures comprehensive capture, analysis, and resolution of all access-related events.

3. Incident Response Framework. Verify that your chosen solution includes workflow notifications to promptly alert managers in case of incidents, facilitating swift action against breaches or non-compliance.

4. User-Friendly Self-Service. Opt for a solution offering user-friendly self-service option for requesting access bundles or roles, promoting efficiency and encouraging user involvement in access governance tasks.

5. Continuous Compliance. Ensure your access governance solution provider stays abreast of changes in regulations and industry standards that affect access governance to maintain robust protection.

Robust access governance solutions streamline access control through automation, providing heightened visibility and informed decision-making while harmonizing with your compliance goals. The integration of a cloud-native service expands your organization’s compliance and audit capabilities, allowing for deeper insights into access management.

It’s important to recognize that compliance and audit responsibilities are continual endeavors. Staying abreast of evolving security protocols and regulatory shifts is paramount to sustaining a resilient and compliant privileged access management system.

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The Harvard Business Review conducted a survey of more than 330 remote employees from a wide range of industries to self-report on both their daily stress levels and their adherence to cybersecurity policies over the duration of two weeks. 

Employee Stress Leads to Failure of Cybersecurity Policies

HBR found that across its sample, adherence to security conventions was intermittent. During the 10 workdays HBR studied, 67% of the participants reported failing to fully adhere to cybersecurity policies at least once, with an average failure-to-comply rate of once out of every 20 job tasks.

But what led to those breaches in protocol? When asked why they failed to follow security policies, the participants’ top three responses were: 

• “to better accomplish tasks for my job” 
• “to get something I needed” 
• “to help others get their work done” 

These three responses accounted for 85% of the cases in which employees knowingly broke the rules. In contrast, employees reported a malicious desire to cause harm in only 3% of policy breaches — making non-malicious breaches (i.e., those motivated purely by the need to get work done) 28 times more common than retaliatory ones.

A Paradigm Shift in Cybersecurity Philosophy

Against this backdrop, the imperative for organizations to fortify their cybersecurity measures becomes even more pronounced. In the modern cybersecurity landscape, where every employee potentially serves as a threat vector, the need for technical and business leaders to comprehend the underlying factors contributing to non-compliance is paramount.

The Harvard Business Review’s analysis underscores a paradigm shift in cybersecurity philosophy, suggesting that security policies should not solely concentrate on repelling malicious attacks. Instead, they should acknowledge the nuanced reality that many employee-driven breaches stem from a genuine attempt to strike a delicate balance between the imperative of security and the demands of productivity.

What Organizations Can Do

In the modern cybersecurity landscape, every employee is a potential threat vector. In order to safeguard their organizations effectively from employee stress, leaders in both technical and business domains must possess a comprehensive understanding of the factors that can render individuals vulnerable to disregarding policies, thus inadvertently creating openings for potential attackers.

As the Harvard Business Review explains, “Rather than focusing on malicious attacks, security policies should acknowledge the fact that many employee-driven breaches stem from an attempt to balance security and productivity.”

Apono Solution

While it can’t eliminate stress, Apono can make sure that stressed employees don’t have standing access to important resources. Instead, employees must request time-bound access to what they need.

Apono delivers cutting-edge least-privilege access management solutions, offering a suite of sophisticated tools that elevate access control through dynamic mechanisms. At the heart of Apono’s comprehensive platform lies a commitment to revolutionizing access management practices, empowering organizations to navigate the intricate landscape of cybersecurity with unparalleled efficiency and precision.

Central to Apono’s arsenal of capabilities is the integration of Just-In-Time (JIT) access, a transformative feature that enables organizations to transcend traditional access models. This dynamic mechanism ensures that employees only acquire access privileges precisely when needed, mitigating the risks associated with prolonged or unnecessary access rights. By embracing JIT access, organizations can bolster their security posture by minimizing the window of vulnerability, strategically aligning access privileges with the ebb and flow of operational demands.

Complementing JIT access is Apono’s robust implementation of Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), further fortifying its position as a trailblazer in access management solutions. ABAC introduces a layer of granularity and sophistication by factoring in various attributes, such as user roles, attributes, and environmental variables, in determining access rights. This nuanced approach allows organizations to craft a more fine-tuned and adaptable access management strategy that responds dynamically to contextual factors, fostering a security framework that is not only robust but also inherently flexible.

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After polling many of our clients, we put together this list of the top 6 most-seen permissions management use cases. In addition, we show how a permissions management solution benefits each case.

1. JIT Provisioning in Permissions Management

JIT provisioning automates the process of generating and updating user accounts. Instead of proactive account creation, user accounts come into play when users initiate their first login attempts to applications, provided they have the necessary authorization. 

2. Automated Least-Privilege Access

Automating the enforcement of least-privilege access brings numerous advantages to companies, such as heightened security, heightened operational efficiency, and improved compliance.

By automating the process of granting and revoking access, organizations can drastically diminish the risk of unauthorized privileges, ensuring that employees possess only the resources essential for their specific roles. This minimizes the attack surface and reduces the potential consequences of security incidents.

Additionally, automation eliminates the necessity for laborious manual procedures, enabling employees to swiftly acquire the necessary access. By streamlining the processes of access requests, approvals, and provisioning, companies can enhance operational efficiency while alleviating the administrative workload on IT and security teams.

3. Incident Management via ChatOps

ChatOps bridges the gap between human interaction and automated processes, resulting in a powerful tool that empowers modern teams. It’s a game-changer in DevOps and beyond, boosting efficiency, productivity, and collaboration. When used for just-in-time access to sensitive resources, it becomes even more of a necessity for busy dev teams.  

The connection between effective communication and successful incident management is no mystery. Teams that excel in communication and collaboration not only address incidents more swiftly but also maintain satisfaction among both internal teams and external users. 

Moreover, their adeptness in postmortems aids in pinpointing underlying issues and proactively preventing future incidents. It’s no wonder that ChatOps has seamlessly integrated into the processes of numerous incident management teams.

4. Automated Self-Service Access Requests 

In legacy environments, data or resource access requests often happen in emails, phone calls, or in an IT service management ticketing system. In a modern identity implementation, an  Identity Management (IDM) tool or process that allows self-service access requests makes security and compliance easier through consistent enforcement and tracking of digital identities across the IT ecosystem.

5. Break-glass Scenarios

When implementing an access management solution such as a Privileged Access Management (PAM) tool, businesses frequently find the need for a contingency access capability. This ensures that users can still access their systems in emergencies, particularly when the deployed PAM tool is unavailable for regular access provisioning.

6. Complying with Regulations for Data Access Control

In the contemporary global business landscape, enterprises encounter formidable challenges such as swiftly evolving technology, the imperative of digital transformation, and a growing array of industry-specific regulations pertaining to data security and privacy. Non-compliance with these regulations may result in substantial fines, penalties, and erosion of customer trust.

Comply with SOX, SOC2, ISO27001, and other relevant standards by verifying and demonstrating that solely authorized individuals access the minimal necessary sensitive data.

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A survey of 1,000 IT operations, DevOps, site reliability engineering (SRE) and platform engineering professionals in the U.S. conducted by Transposit, a provider of an incident management platform, found more than two-thirds (67%) have seen an increase in the frequency of service incidents that have affected their customers over the past 12 months.

Announced at the 2023 Kubecon + CloudNative conference in Chicago, the survey found 62% of respondents have also seen an increase in the amount of time it takes to resolve incidents over the course of the last year, with 80% reporting it takes up to six hours on average to resolve incidents from the first alert to mitigating the issue.

Before we dive into the ways that automated provisioning helps teams resolve more issues at a faster rate, let’s take a look at some of the terms we’ll be using in this article.

What is ChatOps?

ChatOps is like a team collaboration tool on steroids. It’s a concept that brings together communication and collaboration within a team’s workflow by integrating them into a chat platform or a messaging tool. Instead of switching between different tools and interfaces, team members can execute commands, monitor systems, and collaborate on tasks directly within the chat platform.      

What is Incident Management and Response?

Security incident management is the process of identifying, managing, recording and analyzing security threats or incidents in real-time. It seeks to give a robust and comprehensive view of any security issues within an IT infrastructure.

Incident response (IR) is the process by which an organization handles a data breach or cyberattack. It is an effort to quickly identify an attack, minimize its effects, contain damage, and remediate the cause to reduce the risk of future incidents.

ChatOps and Incident Management

The connection between effective communication and successful incident management is no mystery. Teams that excel in communication and collaboration not only address incidents more swiftly but also maintain satisfaction among both internal teams and external users. 

Moreover, their adeptness in postmortems aids in pinpointing underlying issues and proactively preventing future incidents. It’s no wonder that ChatOps has seamlessly integrated into the processes of numerous incident management teams.

What is Just-in-time Access? 

Just-in-time permission management, also known as JIT or Just-in-time access, is a cybersecurity approach rooted in the principle of least privilege. It grants users access to assets only when necessary and within a limited timeframe. Once the allotted time expires, users automatically lose access to resources, including applications and systems.

By employing JIT methodology to restrict the timeframe of user access rights, the likelihood of attackers infiltrating your cloud security perimeter is significantly reduced. This becomes crucial as cloud-based breaches accounted for 45% of incidents in 2022, highlighting the growing presence of applications, services, users, and resources in the cloud. Just-in-time permission management (JIT) emerges as an essential strategy in this context.

While traditional Privileged Access Management (PAM) processes, such as session management, prove effective for on-premises environments, JIT shines in regulating access across cloud resources.   

How Does Provisioning Just-in-Time Access Work?

JIT provisioning automates the process of generating and updating user accounts. IT administrators are relieved from the manual task of individually creating accounts across various applications, all thanks to JIT provisioning. Instead of proactive account creation, user accounts come into existence when users initiate their first login attempts to applications, provided they have the necessary authorization. 

The concept of provisioning Just-in-Time access comes into play specifically when users log in to an application through a third-party identity provider. By doing so, JIT provisioning removes the necessity of manual user provisioning or account creation, resulting in significant savings of both effort and time.

How Does ChatOps Relate to Provisioning Just-in-Time Access?

ChatOps bridges the gap between human interaction and automated processes, resulting in a powerful tool that empowers modern teams. It’s a game-changer in DevOps and beyond, boosting efficiency, productivity, and collaboration. When used for just-in-time access to sensitive resources, it becomes even more of a necessity for busy dev teams.  

Think of it as a way to streamline and automate operational tasks by leveraging the power of chat and collaboration tools. It enhances transparency, efficiency, and collaboration among team members, making it easier to manage and respond to incidents, deploy updates, and perform various operations—all from within a chat interface. It’s like having a virtual team command center right in your chat room! 

Provisioning Just-in-Time Access via ChatOps

With Apono, it’s super simple to ask for and be granted access right inside of Slack. Check out the video here. 

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Automating the enforcement of least-privilege access brings numerous advantages to companies, encompassing heightened security, heightened operational efficiency, and improved compliance.

By automating the process of granting and revoking access, organizations can drastically diminish the risk of unauthorized privileges, ensuring that employees possess only the resources essential for their specific roles. This minimizes the attack surface and reduces the potential consequences of security incidents.

Additionally, automation eliminates the necessity for laborious manual procedures, enabling employees to swiftly acquire the necessary access. By streamlining the processes of access requests, approvals, and provisioning, companies can enhance operational efficiency while alleviating the administrative workload on IT and security teams.

Problems with Manual Provisioning

In many organizations, IT and security teams contend with constrained resources and a backlog of responsibilities. Assigning individuals to manually evaluate temporary elevation requests is not the most efficient allocation of skilled resources and can lead to natural delays. Coupled with the stress and frustration experienced by requestors justifying their needs and waiting for permissions, this results in a recurrent, stressful situation that does not align with business requirements.

Achieving Least-Privilege Access in the Cloud

A centralized automated system for requesting and granting permissions, monitoring their utilization, and ultimately revoking privileges can be immensely helpful. An automated Just-In-Time (JIT) mechanism can bridge gaps created by manual processes and reduce friction and administrative overhead. Automated monitoring and auditing of JIT access prove valuable in verifying the absence of inadvertent misconfigurations and facilitating rapid incident investigations when necessary.

The following are three action items every organization should follow:

1. Utilize Self-Service Access

Implementing a self-service approach to access management is pivotal in empowering the workforce and diminishing reliance on IT and security teams. By offering employees a user-friendly self-service portal, companies can facilitate access requests to cloud resources, applications, and data as needed.

2. Implement Flexible No-Code Workflows

In access management, it is crucial to distinguish between privileged access and standard access. Privileged access pertains to elevated permissions granted to individuals necessitating administrative or special privileges for their duties, while standard access relates to regular user access for routine tasks. Automating least privilege access empowers organizations to differentiate between these access types and enforce more stringent controls on privileged accounts. By automating the provisioning and revocation of privileged access, companies can curtail the risk of misuse, insider threats, and unauthorized activities.

Flexible no-code workflows play a pivotal role in automating least-privilege access. These workflows enable organizations to define customizable approval sets based on various criteria, such as data sensitivity, identity provider (IdP) group membership, access duration, on-call schedules, and more.

By tailoring approval workflows to align with the distinct needs of various teams, projects, and roles, organizations can strike a balance between security and operational efficiency. This approach guarantees that access is granted based on appropriate checks and balances while accommodating the specific requirements and urgency of different access requests.

3. Enable Direct API Capabilities for Granular Provisioning

Fine-grained access control forms a cornerstone of least-privilege access, ensuring that employees only possess the permissions required to fulfill their specific responsibilities. Automating fine-grained access empowers organizations to define and enforce access permissions based on roles, responsibilities, and project prerequisites. This precision significantly reduces the potential impact of security incidents, as access is confined to the exact resources and actions required, minimizing the scope for lateral movement or unauthorized data exposure.

To achieve fine-grained permissions and efficient access provisioning, it is imperative to have direct API capabilities. APIs facilitate seamless integration with existing systems, applications, and identity providers, enabling real-time access provisioning and revocation.

Real-time provisioning of access enables JIT access, a crucial component of automated least-privilege access. Instead of granting continuous access to resources, JIT access authorizes permissions for a limited timeframe, precisely when needed. This approach minimizes the attack surface by narrowing the window of opportunity for potential threats. Through the implementation of JIT access, organizations can bolster security and guarantee that employees have access only when essential, mitigating the risk of unauthorized use or data exposure.

By harnessing APIs, organizations can automate the complete access management process, from request submission to approval, provisioning, and auditing. This high level of automation simplifies procedures for IT and security teams while ensuring accurate and timely access control.

About Apono

Apono is a leading provider of least-privilege access management solutions that enhance access control with dynamic mechanisms. With Apono’s platform, organizations can leverage Just-In-Time (JIT) access and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) functionalities to achieve a more flexible and adaptable access management approach.

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We’re excited to announce that we’ve just published our Buyer’s Guide for Privileged Access Governance solutions!

Why we created the guide

Most companies in the world today have already migrated most of their workloads to the cloud, with 91 percent of organizations reporting that they already have or will refactor their applications to use cloud-native technologies. And the major cloud providers, AWS, Azure, and GCP, are now the way that most people work. And most resources, such as databases or machines, are running in the cloud. Yet few teams can effectively manage identities in the cloud at scale, with Gartner estimating that by 2023, 75 percent of cloud security failures will occur due to insufficient management of identities and accesses.

As a result, controlling, monitoring and auditing privileged access has become even more critical for protecting against both external and internal threat vectors, human error and a growing list of compliance requirements. However, organizations are growing increasingly frustrated with the existing solutions designed to deal with the unique nature of privileged  resources, leading to a new category called Privileged Access Governance (PAG).

In this guide, we examine (among other things) the following:

• Where existing PAM solutions fall short
• The emergence of a new privileged access solution, Privileged Access Governance 
• The 10 questions you should ask when evaluating a Privileged Access Governance solution

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Organizations are twice as likely to get breached through compromised credentials than any other threat vector. Compromised credentials are when credentials, such as usernames and passwords, are exposed to unauthorized entities. 

When lost, stolen or exposed, compromised credentials can give the intruder insider’s access. Although monitoring and analysis within the enterprise can identify suspicious activity, these credentials effectively bypass perimeter security and complicate detection. 

Problem

Having perpetual or standing privileged access to a critical application, sensitive database, or production environment is all that is needed to execute commands to expose data and inflict damage, such as create fake accounts, exfiltrate sensitive data, cause damage to infrastructure, and delete or hold data for ransom—all of which can impact a company’s reputation and bottom line. 

“Oftentimes, risk is amplified due to users having more privileges than required or due to general negligence caused by the burden of managing permissions.” – Rom Carmel, CEO and co-founder, Apono.

Solution: Okta + Apono 

For organizations using Okta as their centralized identity and SSO provider, Apono provides a platform to enforce the zero-standing access and principle of least privilege with time-based access controls, just-in-time access provisioning, and easy-to-use access reviews—all from one central platform. 

Apono natively integrates with Okta, which enables employees to request access to Apps, Cloud Environments, Roles, Databases, Cloud Resources, and Groups. In addition, Apono syncs with Okta as a source of truth for identity: importing users, organizational attributes like employees’ managers, and their group mapping. 

With Apono for Okta, teams can strike the right balance between enabling workforce productivity and minimizing their identity-based attack surface area. 

Benefits of Apono for Okta Customers

• Complete IAM visibility: discover all users and groups, or pick just the groups your want to sync with Apono 
• JIT Access based on Okta groups: set dynamic Access Flows around group members and teams; who can request and be granted fine-grained access to cloud resources 
• Just-in-time group membership: managing on-call shifts, access to production environments and CI/CD apps with Okta groups? With Apono users can request temporary group membership based on dynamic Access Flows.
• Simple and secure integration, with the Apono app for Okta 
• Automated, fully logged provisioning and deprovisioning of privileged permissions

Okta + Apono Benefits

• Replacing standing access with just-in-time and time-based access
• Automating identity governance and access control for sensitive apps and infrastructure.
• Running user access reviews more proactively—such as upon a role change or departure.
• Empowering employees with the right context to make security-based access decisions.

Okta + Apono Use Cases

1. Protect PII and Meet Compliance Standards

Protecting Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and meeting compliance standards is crucial for organizations to ensure the privacy and security of individuals’ sensitive data. Compliance with data protection regulations is an ongoing process, and it requires a commitment from the entire organization to protect PII effectively. 

Many regulatory frameworks require organizations to implement strict controls over privileged access. Apono provides the necessary tools to establish and demonstrate compliance with regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and more. Non-compliance can result in severe penalties and reputational damage, making it essential to prioritize these efforts. 

2. Control and Separate Access to Customer Data

Database access control is key to customer satisfaction – customers want to (and are required to) ensure least privilege to their data and their customers’ data by their vendors.

This may include metadata, like users, resource names (like DBs, repositories, etc.), DaaS (data as a service) titles and paths, and also actual data, especially Personal Identifiable Information of customers and employees (names, IDs, addresses, emails, phone numbers, and any other personal attribute).

Apono handles the access workflow for each user who needs to access a customer environment, account, tenant or database, including approval, provisioning, secure access details, revocation and audit.

3. Create Automated, Granular Dynamic Access Workflows

Automated, granular, dynamic access workflows provide the right level of access to users and systems based on a variety of factors, such as role, context, and changing circumstances. They not only enhance security but also improve operational efficiency by reducing the administrative burden of managing access manually. They adapt to changing user roles, contexts, and resource sensitivities, helping organizations stay secure and compliant in a dynamic digital environment. 

Since some organizations require a manager’s approval to access sensitive data, one of the most popular dynamic flows uses the Okta Manager attribute. Apono syncs with Okta to get the manager info for each developer and then sends the manager his or her access requests for approval. When the manager changes, Apono knows about it.

About Apono

Apono is a leading provider of access management solutions that enhance access control with dynamic mechanisms. With Apono’s platform, organizations can leverage Just-In-Time (JIT) access and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) functionalities to achieve a more flexible and adaptable access management approach.

Learn more: Apono Docs

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