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Glossary

What is Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)?

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP). SAML is primarily used for single sign-on (SSO) and web-based authentication in a secure and standardized way.

Here’s how SAML works:

  1. Identity Provider (IdP). The IdP is responsible for authenticating users and providing information about them in the form of SAML assertions. These assertions contain information like the user’s identity and any attributes or permissions related to the user.
  2. Service Provider (SP). The SP is the web application or service that the user wants to access. It relies on the IdP for user authentication and authorization.
  3. User Request. When a user attempts to access a resource on the SP, they are redirected to the IdP for authentication.
  4. Authentication. The IdP authenticates the user using his or her credentials (e.g., username and password) or another method (e.g., multi-factor authentication).
  5. SAML Assertion. After successful authentication, the IdP generates a SAML assertion, which is an XML document containing information about the user, and digitally signs it.
  6. SAML Response. The IdP sends this SAML assertion back to the user’s browser, which in turn sends it to the SP.
  7. SP Verification. The SP receives the SAML assertion, verifies its authenticity by checking the digital signature, and then uses the information in the assertion to make an access control decision. If the user is authorized, they are granted access to the requested resource.

SAML provides a standardized way for different applications and organizations to enable SSO, ensuring that a user only needs to log in once to access multiple services securely. This helps reduce the burden of remembering multiple usernames and passwords, simplifies user management, and enhances security.

It’s important to note that SAML is one of several protocols for achieving SSO, and more recent protocols like OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.0 have gained popularity in modern web applications. However, SAML is still widely used, particularly in enterprise environments and legacy systems that rely on XML-based technologies.

 

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What is SAML used for?

How does SAML work in a nutshell?

What is the difference between SAML and OAuth?

What are the main components of a SAML-based system?

Is SAML a protocol or a standard?

Can SAML be used for mobile applications and APIs?

A

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Anomaly Detection

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Access Control

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Adjustable Access Policies

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B

Blast Radius

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Brute force Attack

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Break-glass Scenarios

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Birthright Access

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Bastion Host

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C

California Consumer Privacy Act

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Centralized Authentication

Centralized Authentication refers to the system where user authentication is managed through a single, unified platform. Instead of maintaining separate login credentials for different systems, a centralized server (or authentication...

Cloud Access Policies

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Context-Based Access Control

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Connecting IdPs with Databases

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Connect Azure AD with Elasticsearch

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Connect Azure AD with MariaDB

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Connect Azure AD with Mongo Atlas

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Connect Azure AD with MongoDB

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Connect Azure AD with MySQL

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Connect Azure AD with PostgreSQL

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Connect Google Workspace with Elasticsearch

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Connect Google Workspace with MariaDB

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Connect Google Workspace with Mongo Atlas

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Connect Google Workspace with MongoDB

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Connect Google Workspace with PostgreSQL

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Connect Jumpcloud with Elasticsearch

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Connect Jumpcloud with MariaDB

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Connect Jumpcloud with Mongo Atlas

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Connect Jumpcloud with MongoDB

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Connect Jumpcloud with MySQL

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Connect Jumpcloud with PostgreSQL

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Connect Okta with Elasticsearch

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Connect Okta with MariaDB

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Connect Okta with MongoDB

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Connect Okta with MySQL

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Connect Okta with PostgreSQL

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Connect Okta with Mongo Atlas

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Connect Onelogin with MySQL

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Connect Onelogin with PostgreSQL

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Connect Onelogin with Elasticsearch

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Connect Onelogin with MariaDB

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Connect Onelogin with Mongo Atlas

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Connect Onelogin with MongoDB

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Cloud-native Application Protection Platform

A Cloud-native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) is a specialized cybersecurity solution designed to secure and protect applications that are developed and deployed in cloud-native environments.  ...

Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Cloud Workload Protection (CWP)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Cloud Security

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Cloud PAM

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Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)

A Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB) is a security solution or service that acts as an intermediary between an organization’s on-premises infrastructure and cloud services, helping to secure and manage data...

CI/CD Pipeline

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Credential Stuffing

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Continuous Adaptive Risk Trust Assessment (CARTA)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Credentials Rotation

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Cloud Access Management

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Cloud Privileged Access Management

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Credential Theft

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Context-Based Access Management

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Cloud Access Management

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Cloud Governance

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D

DevOps vs DevSecOps

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Data Access Management

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DevSecOps

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

E

Ephemeral Certificates/Ephemeral Access

Ephemeral certificates are short-lived access credentials that are valid for as long as they are required to authenticate and authorize privileged connections ...

F

Federated Access

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Fedramp Compliance

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G

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

The General Data Protection Regulation is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union and the European Economic Area. The GDPR is an important...

Google Workspace

Google Workspace is a collection of cloud computing, productivity and collaboration tools, software and products developed and marketed by Google. ...

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)

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Group Based Access Control (GBAC)

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H

Honeypot

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HIPAA compliance

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

I

Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Identity and access management (IAM) ensures that only relevant people with certain organizational roles can access tools that they require to complete their jobs. IAM allows organizations to control employee...

IGA (Identity Governance Administration)

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Identity Governance

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Identity Provider (IDP)

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Identity-as-a-Service (IDaaS)

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Identity Governance Administration

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

IT Security Policy

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Incident Response

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Insider Threats

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Identity Sprawl

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR)

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J

Just-in-Time Access (JiT)

Just-in-Time Access (JIT) is a vital security protocol where permission to access applications or systems is only for a preset limited timeframe on an as-needed basis. This prevents the risks...

Jumpcloud

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L

Lateral Movement

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Log Analysis Management

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Least Privilege Principle

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Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

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M

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) is an authorization method that requires a user to provide one or more verification details to gain access to a resource such as an online account, application...

Man-in-the-Middle Attack

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Multi-cloud Security

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O

Observability

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Okta

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Onelogin

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Open Authorization (OAuth)

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On-call Access Management

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P

Principle of Least Privilege

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Privileged Access Management (PAM)

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Privilege Elevation and Delegation Management (PEDM)

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Privileged Account and Session Management (PASM)

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Permissions Management

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Phishing

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Privileged Session Management

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Policy-Based Access Control

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Policy-as-Code

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Privileged Access Governance (PAG)

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Permission Control

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PAM vs IAM

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Privileged Access Management as a Service (PAMaaS)

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Password Vaulting

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Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Privilege Creep

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Password Spraying

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

PCI Compliance

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

R

Role-based Access Control (RBAC)

One of the primary methods of advanced access control is Role-based access control (RBAC) – a system that restricts network access solely based on a person’s role within the organization....

Resource-based Policies

Resource-based policies are a type of authorization mechanism used in computer security to define and manage access control for specific resources, such as files, databases, APIs, and cloud services.  ...

Relationship-Based Access Control (ReBAC)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

S

Service Organization Control 2 (SOC2)

Information security threats remain a significant concern for all organizations, including those which outsource essential business operations to third-party service providers such as SaaS or cloud-computing vendors. But why is...

Single Sign-On (SSO)

Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication method that enables a user to log in with a single identity to any of several related, yet independent, applications and databases. Or in...

Service Accounts

Operating systems frequently utilize service accounts to execute applications or run programs. They are used either in the context of system accounts or a specialized user account, which is created...

Standing Privileges

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Secrets Management

Secrets management refers to the practice of securely storing, managing, and controlling access to sensitive information, often referred to as “secrets,” within an organization’s IT infrastructure. ...

Shadow Access

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

Spear Phishing

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

SAML

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

T

Task-Based Access Control (TBAC)

Task-based access control (TBAC) is a flexible security system deployed in workflow management processes on a large scale. In TBAC, permissions are granted to tasks, and users can only access...

Trunk-based Development

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP)....

U

User Provisioning

User provisioning, also known as identity provisioning or account provisioning, is the process of creating, managing, and maintaining user accounts and their associated access rights within an organization’s information technology...

V

Vendor Privileged Access Management (VPAM)

Vendor Privileged Access Management (VPAM) is a specialized tool designed to ensure least privilege access for vendor employees, while simultaneously monitoring their activities. ...

Vulnerability Management

Vulnerability management in cybersecurity is a comprehensive process aimed at identifying, assessing, prioritizing, mitigating, and monitoring vulnerabilities in computer systems, networks, applications, and other IT infrastructure components.  ...

Z

Zero Trust Network Access

Zero Trust is a tactical approach to securing an organization from cybersecurity threats through elimination of implicit trust and continuous validation at each stage of digital interaction. ...

Zombie Accounts

Zombie accounts, also known as dormant accounts or orphaned accounts, refer to user accounts that are still present in a system or application but are no longer actively used or...